When an infected individual coughs or sneezes, the Corona virus (COVID 19) is spread largely by saliva droplets or through the nose. Covid-19 is rapidly growing and poses a threat to humans. Medicine and vaccinations are in short supply. The methodology described has the potential to lower the number of people infected with the virus. Taking everyone's temperature at the same time and determining whether or not they are wearing a mask is tough. Security guards at shopping malls, schools, and other businesses are increasingly scrutinising public temperature readings before allowing them to enter their facilities. To keep a s Automatic detection of the aforementioned features will assist both the government and the general people. The report provided a remedy to the problem. The brochure promotes an automatic hand sanitizer with a temperature-detecting technology that allows users to sanitise their hands at any moment without touching the sanitizer. The temperature of the individual is displayed once this temperature sensor is touched. The door will automatically open if the body temperature is normal; otherwise, it will remain closed. Keep a safe distance from COVID patients and wash your hands frequently to kill the corona virus.

Keywords : COVID19, MLX90614, HC-SR04, microcontroller, Thermal Sensor.

Author : Abhinav Gulati, Pratik Chaudhary, Nikhil Yadav, Tapan Rajput, Tania Gupta, Shailendra Bisariya

Title : IOT BASED COVID-19 SAFETY SYSTEM

Volume/Issue : 2025;07(01)

Page No : 1-7

We have seen a massive growth in PDF file usage. A PDF file is something which is used by approx. everyone. It is a necessary thing for all, and it became a must have thing. Everyone must have used PDF file at some point in their life. It is used by professors, students, working professional, common people. Professors use it to make examination paper for students, guidelines for students, any notice for students etc. students are use it for making answer sheet, organizing documents, making assignment etc. working professional use PDF for making their work-related documents, and for some other reasons. Common people use it for organizing govt ids, organizing home registration paper etc. You can organize documents thorough it very easily. So, to make PDF it is essential that you have a PDF converter in your device otherwise how can you make PDF. Here, this app helps you. Which is an android app. Which helps you to make PDF very easily. You can do editing in it also, very easily. Which make it a better app. This article shows you why we choose android OS over other and why we choose Waterfall model. Hope this helps the researchers.

Keywords : Android application, PDF Converter, Waterfall Model.

Author : Anas Abbas, Safdar Tanweer, Syed Sibtain Khalid, Naseem Rao

Title : A simple PDF Converter using Android with built in editing features

Volume/Issue : 2025;07(01)

Page No : 8-16

Let G = (V, E) be a finite, and undirected graph without loops and multiple edges. Vertex switching was one of the most important vertex operation studied in graph theory. Vertex switching will give new dimension in the field of power dominator coloring, since this vertex operation ensures the connection between vertices. We find the power dominator coloring for the graphs path,cycle, double fan graph, with the context of vertex switching.

Keywords : Coloring, Power dominator coloring, switching, double fan graph, path, cycle.

Author : A. Uma Maheswari, Bala Samuvel J

Title : Power Dominator Coloring for Vertex Switching of some Graphs

Volume/Issue : 2025;07(01)

Page No : 17-27

Solar PV energy conversion system and wind energy conversion system are the alternate sources of energy to the conventional sources such as coal and fossil fuels. By operating the converters, maximum power can be received from the solar and wind energy conversion system. Many Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controlling techniques are available for solar and wind energy conversion system. This paper proposes two MPPT controlling techniques namely Covid-19 MPPT and FLC based MPPT for solar PV energy conversion system. MATLAB is used to implement the two proposed MPPT techniques. The first proposed Covid-19 method combines the features of incremental conductance and hill climbing methods. The incremental conductance method, calculate the perturbation direction for operating the PV modules. The hill climbing method is simple and less parameters are involved. In incremental conductance method Maximum Power Point (MPP) is reached when dI/dV is equal to the incremental conductance. In hill climbing method the MPP is reached based on the comparison of power in the present and previous instances. In the proposed Covid-19 MPPT controlling technique both incremental conductance and change of power are considered to reach the MPP. This hybrid technique produces maximum output power form solar PV for the different temperature and irradiation levels. Hence the proposed Covid-19 method proceeds in the right direction and quickly reaches the MPP.

Keywords : Covid-19 MPPT algorithm, Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC), PV array.

Author : Dr.P.Venkatesan, M.Gowsalya, C.Yasodha

Title : APPLICATION OF COVID-19 MPPT ALGORITHM TO SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

Volume/Issue : 2025;07(01)

Page No : 28-41

Due to enormous improvement in construction industry and infrastructure, maximum metrocities in India are getting covered with impermeable concrete pavements. Concreting tends to environmental problems such as fall of recharge of rainwater into the ground hence continuous reduction in water table which leads to water crisis during summer. Installing Pervious Concrete pavement instead of impervious concrete for low traffic volume, we can solve the reduction of water table issue. Pervious Concrete is a low impact, environmentally friendly and sustainable paving option.Pervious Concrete is an unusual type of concrete made by the mixture of water, cement and open graded coarse aggregate. Typically it has very little to no fine aggregates content and has just enough cementations paste to coat the aggregate particle while maintaining the interconnectivity of the voids. Pervious concrete is also known as porous concrete, permeable concrete, no-fines concrete, gap graded concrete, enhanced porosity concrete. In the pervious concrete the void content is in the range of 15 to 22% compared to 3 to 5 % in conventional impervious concrete pavements.This paper represents the experimental methodology and experimental results related to compressive strength, void content and infiltration rate. Testing various mix designs of Pervious Concrete, results were determined and analyzed. Cube size of 16*9*6cm is prepared to investigate compressive strength, void ratio and infiltration rate. Different concrete mix proportion such as 1:8 with different size of gravels such as 2mm to 8mm should be used to check these properties of pervious concrete.

Keywords : Pervious concrete pavement, compressive strength, voids ratio, infiltration rate

Author : Sandeep Patel, Sumit Kirar, Uddeshya Singh, Ashwin Parihar, Anurag Tripathi, Ubaid.L Hanfee

Title : A EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WATER ABSORBING ROADS

Volume/Issue : 2025;07(01)

Page No : 42-51

In this paper, we introduce the new concept of block coloring for graphs. Different kinds of coloring such as coloring of vertices[1], coloring of edges [2] and coloring of faces[3] have already been defined for various types of graphs. As the block graphs find enumerable applicationsin network theory,we introduce the theory of coloring of blocks in graphs, named as block coloring and study on blocking coloring of specific graphs.The main objective of this paper is to introduce coloring of blocks and explicitly define block coloring for path, cycle, complete graph, −barbell graph, windmill graph, friendship graph, cactus graph, bipartite graph and their extensions, with suitable examples.

Keywords : Block coloring, AUM block coloring, path,friendship graph, cactus graph.

Author : A. Uma Maheswari, Bala Samuvel J

Title : NEW COLORING FOR BLOCKS – AUM BLOCK COLORING FOR STANDARD GRAPHS

Volume/Issue : 2025;07(01)

Page No : 52-61

Transformer is based on the principal of mutual induction from primary winding to secondary winding due to alternating current. The design calculation of transformer is a hectic process when done manually. Since the calculation is long and interdependent with each steps the occurrence of error is more likely so use of computation system can minimize the error. For this use of MATLAB to have a software to design the transformer providing the design parameter is the main objective of the paper. With the Graphical user interface (GUI) and app designer helps to simplify the process and make it more user friendly which provide space for input values and options to choose. The software make calculation regarding the dimension, efficiency and manufacturing cost of the specified transformer. In this research paper,manufacturing, designing and analysis of transformer coreis done. The paper includes data collection and simulation about transformer core, Electrical steel, LV & HV windings and simulation is done in MATLAB software. Core is manufactured using CRGO steel. The transformer designing process includes Customer’s requirement, Material selection, Dimensioning, LV-HV windings, etc. By this data collection and simulation, we were able to simulate Transformer Designing using C language in MATLAB software.

Keywords : CRGO, MATLAB, Graphical user interface, LV and HV winding, mutual induction

Author : Jaimin Prajapati, Aayush Tripathi, Vineeta S. Chauhan

Title : MANUFACTURING, DESIGNING AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMER CORE

Volume/Issue : 2025;07(01)

Page No : 62-73